The Moves
The Moves of each piece are very unique to that piece.
The Pawn
The pawn's moves are the simplest seeing how you can only do two things. Those things are move forward one space, until it runs into another piece, or attack an opponant diagonally. It can not attack a piece that is infront of it. (The Pawn can also move forward two spaces at the beginning but I will talk about that more in The Tricks section.)
The Rook
The Rook also has an easy way of moving, basicly it can only move in a cross formation and must stop when it runs up to one of its own pieces or it can attack the opponant.
The Knight
The Knight is the only exception to the rule. It is the only piece that can move over any of the other pieces on the board. The reason it can do this is because it moves in a L shape. The specifics are that it can move two north, south, east, or west, and then one left or right (or up and down it matters which way you see it) of which ever direction the knight moved.
The Bishop
The Bishop can move in a X shape meaning it attacks only in diagonal directions. A neat thing about this is that you have one bishop on each color so you can attack pieces on ether color.
The Queen
Now I tell you why the Queen is seen as one of the most valuable pieces in the game. It is seen that way because she can move in any direction, including diagonal as many spaces as she wants until she runs into or attacks another piece.
The King
The King Is the most valuable in chess. It is the most important because if you lose your king the game is over, just like any real war.